El asedio cultural. La plurinacionalidad boliviana frente a tres procesos electorales

Abstract

The case of the cultural siege suffered by the indigenous peoples of Guatemala in the seventies and eighties is used to explain, on the one hand, the continuity of strategic logics and colonial policies in the present. On the other, its manifestation in the coup that violently precipitated the resignation of the government of former Bolivian president, Evo Morales, in November 2019. In that order of things, an approach is made to the meaning and implications of the innovations promoted by the autonomous processes of the indigenous and peasant peoples of Bolivia, enshrined in the new Political Constitution of the Plurinational State of 2009. Then, the electoral processes of the OAS, Bolivia and the United States developed throughout the of 2020 are briefly addressed to facilitate understanding of the active internal and external resistance generated by the demands for the deepening of Plurinationality. Given the ubiquity and intensity of such resistances, it is proposed to retake the figure of the cultural siege as an explanatory hypothesis of the strategies that hinder this historical process, and that seek to relegate it to a mere constitutional exercise.