The United States–Israeli relationship as a structural factor in the conflict in Gaza (2023–2025)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the role of the United States in the Gaza war during the 2023–2025 period within the broader framework of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It is based on the hypothesis that the bilateral relationship between the United States and Israel constitutes a structural factor of the conflict, as it shapes a sustained asymmetry in military, political, and diplomatic capabilities while reducing the international costs of Israeli actions. From a realist perspective in International Relations, the study examines the military, strategic, and diplomatic dimensions of U.S. support, as well as the role of domestic factors in sustaining this alignment. It also addresses the humanitarian impact of the conflict and its tensions with international law. The paper concludes that U.S. support limits the prospects for a balanced resolution and conditions the dynamics of the conflict.